Results

Facebook Status Update Frequency

Facebook status update frequency: The main benefit of the bootstrap confidence intervals and significance values is that they do not rely on assumptions of normality or homoscedasticity, so under the usual assumptions they give us an accurate estimate of the true population value of b for each predictor. The bootstrapped confidence intervals do not affect the conclusions reported in Ong et al. (2011). Ong et al.’s prediction was still supported in that, after controlling for age, grade and gender, narcissism significantly predicted the frequency of Facebook status updates over and above extroversion, b = 0.066 [0.027, 0.107], p < 0.001.

Model Summary - status
Model R R² Adjusted R² RMSE
M₀ 0.200 0.040 0.028 2.451
M₁ 0.236 0.056 0.040 2.436
M₂ 0.299 0.090 0.071 2.396
Note.  M₀ includes grade, age, sex
Note.  M₁ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion
Note.  M₂ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion, narcissism
ANOVA
Model   Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p
M₀ Regression 61.732 3 20.577 3.426 .018
  Residual 1483.712 247 6.007    
  Total 1545.444 250      
M₁ Regression 86.250 4 21.563 3.635 .007
  Residual 1459.194 246 5.932    
  Total 1545.444 250      
M₂ Regression 138.384 5 27.677 4.819 < .001
  Residual 1407.061 245 5.743    
  Total 1545.444 250      
Note.  M₀ includes grade, age, sex
Note.  M₁ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion
Note.  M₂ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion, narcissism
Coefficients
95% CI
Model   Unstandardized Standard Error Standardizedᵃ t p Lower Upper
M₀ (Intercept) 3.383 3.674   0.921 .358 -3.852 10.619
  grade -0.444 0.388 -0.149 -1.145 .253 -1.208 0.320
  age -0.033 0.309 -0.014 -0.107 .915 -0.642 0.576
  sex (Male) -0.775 0.327   -2.370 .019 -1.420 -0.131
M₁ (Intercept) 0.830 3.861   0.215 .830 -6.775 8.434
  grade -0.486 0.386 -0.163 -1.259 .209 -1.246 0.274
  age -0.006 0.308 -0.002 -0.019 .985 -0.612 0.600
  sex (Male) -0.691 0.328   -2.110 .036 -1.337 -0.046
  extraversion 0.052 0.025 0.127 2.033 .043 0.002 0.101
M₂ (Intercept) 0.650 3.799   0.171 .864 -6.833 8.134
  grade -0.522 0.380 -0.175 -1.375 .170 -1.271 0.226
  age -0.010 0.303 -0.004 -0.033 .974 -0.606 0.586
  sex (Male) -0.943 0.333   -2.831 .005 -1.599 -0.287
  extraversion 0.011 0.028 0.028 0.394 .694 -0.045 0.067
  narcissism 0.066 0.022 0.212 3.013 .003 0.023 0.110
ᵃ Standardized coefficients can only be computed for continuous predictors.
Bootstrap Coefficients
95% CI*
Model   Unstandardized Bias Standard Error p* Lower Upper
M₀ (Intercept) 3.198 -0.201 2.048 .073 -0.447 8.018
  grade -0.455 -0.016 0.276 .112 -0.986 0.140
  age -0.015 0.017 0.173 .746 -0.412 0.277
  sex (Male) -0.796 -0.013 0.305 .016 -1.350 -0.143
M₁ (Intercept) 0.768 -0.187 2.544 .693 -4.515 5.447
  grade -0.503 -0.013 0.288 .107 -1.051 0.100
  age -0.002 0.017 0.184 .965 -0.337 0.402
  sex (Male) -0.711 -0.007 0.290 .023 -1.197 -0.078
  extraversion 0.051 -6.112e-4 0.028 .074 -0.004 0.111
M₂ (Intercept) 0.612 -0.038 2.577 .737 -4.229 5.668
  grade -0.527 -0.003 0.287 .066 -1.111 0.030
  age -0.014 0.003 0.184 .971 -0.367 0.376
  sex (Male) -0.949 -0.004 0.308 < .001 -1.503 -0.295
  extraversion 0.013 0.001 0.030 .770 -0.048 0.064
  narcissism 0.065 -0.001 0.022 .003 0.025 0.112
Note.  Bootstrapping based on 1000 replicates.
Note.  Coefficient estimate is based on the median of the bootstrap distribution.
* Bias corrected accelerated.

Facebook Profile Picture Rating

Facebook profile picture rating: The bootstrapped confidence intervals for the second regression are consistent with the conclusions reported in Ong et al. (2011). That is, after adjusting for age, grade and gender, narcissism significantly predicted the Facebook profile picture ratings over and above extroversion, b = 0.170 [0.105, 0.243], p < 0.001.

Model Summary - profile
Model R R² Adjusted R² RMSE
M₀ 0.177 0.031 0.016 3.574
M₁ 0.395 0.156 0.138 3.346
M₂ 0.493 0.243 0.223 3.177
Note.  M₀ includes grade, age, sex
Note.  M₁ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion
Note.  M₂ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion, narcissism
ANOVA
Model   Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p
M₀ Regression 78.457 3 26.152 2.047 .109
  Residual 2414.548 189 12.775    
  Total 2493.005 192      
M₁ Regression 388.023 4 97.006 8.664 < .001
  Residual 2104.982 188 11.197    
  Total 2493.005 192      
M₂ Regression 605.642 5 121.128 12.001 < .001
  Residual 1887.363 187 10.093    
  Total 2493.005 192      
Note.  M₀ includes grade, age, sex
Note.  M₁ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion
Note.  M₂ includes grade, age, sex, extraversion, narcissism
Coefficients
95% CI
Model   Unstandardized Standard Error Standardizedᵃ t p Lower Upper
M₀ (Intercept) 8.782 5.689   1.544 .124 -2.439 20.003
  grade 0.099 0.603 0.023 0.163 .870 -1.091 1.289
  age 0.150 0.475 0.043 0.317 .752 -0.787 1.088
  sex (Male) 1.290 0.550   2.348 .020 0.206 2.375
M₁ (Intercept) -3.461 5.812   -0.596 .552 -14.927 8.004
  grade -0.245 0.569 -0.056 -0.430 .668 -1.366 0.877
  age 0.365 0.447 0.106 0.818 .415 -0.516 1.246
  sex (Male) 1.475 0.516   2.860 .005 0.458 2.493
  extraversion 0.224 0.043 0.356 5.258 < .001 0.140 0.307
M₂ (Intercept) -3.169 5.519   -0.574 .566 -14.056 7.718
  grade -0.258 0.540 -0.059 -0.478 .633 -1.323 0.807
  age 0.337 0.424 0.097 0.794 .428 -0.500 1.174
  sex (Male) 0.582 0.526   1.106 .270 -0.456 1.620
  extraversion 0.104 0.048 0.166 2.176 .031 0.010 0.199
  narcissism 0.173 0.037 0.366 4.643 < .001 0.099 0.246
ᵃ Standardized coefficients can only be computed for continuous predictors.
Bootstrap Coefficients
95% CI*
Model   Unstandardized Bias Standard Error p* Lower Upper
M₀ (Intercept) 8.936 -0.440 6.456 .236 -5.560 19.411
  grade 0.079 -0.052 0.623 .848 -1.217 1.209
  age 0.146 0.039 0.536 .775 -0.758 1.322
  sex (Male) 1.336 0.009 0.594 .048 0.007 2.394
M₁ (Intercept) -3.501 -0.828 7.866 .636 -19.250 10.786
  grade -0.295 -0.074 0.671 .765 -1.532 0.974
  age 0.383 0.068 0.602 .530 -0.764 1.579
  sex (Male) 1.504 0.012 0.580 .021 0.263 2.511
  extraversion 0.223 6.295e-4 0.042 < .001 0.142 0.307
M₂ (Intercept) -3.383 -0.521 6.670 .652 -17.266 8.968
  grade -0.258 -0.040 0.575 .610 -1.471 0.789
  age 0.353 0.038 0.507 .533 -0.608 1.358
  sex (Male) 0.622 0.041 0.582 .348 -0.620 1.656
  extraversion 0.105 0.002 0.045 .018 0.015 0.203
  narcissism 0.173 -8.927e-4 0.035 < .001 0.105 0.241
Note.  Bootstrapping based on 1000 replicates.
Note.  Coefficient estimate is based on the median of the bootstrap distribution.
* Bias corrected accelerated.