Results

Classical Process Model: One Mediator

Model summary
  AIC BIC Log-likelihood n df
Model 1 7911.735 7940.855 -3949.868 947 0
R-squared
R²
  Model 1
Fake news belief 0.091
Analytic thinking 0.071

Path plots

Model 1

Conceptual path plot
Statistical path plot

Parameter estimates

Important : Parameter estimates can only be interpreted as causal effects if all confounding effects are accounted for and if the causal effect directions are correctly specified.

Model 1

Path coefficients
95% Confidence Interval
      Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.193 0.032 5.999 < .001 0.130 0.256
Analytic thinking → Fake news belief -0.186 0.032 -5.775 < .001 -0.249 -0.123
Delusion thinking → Analytic thinking -0.266 0.031 -8.499 < .001 -0.328 -0.205
Direct and indirect effects
95% Confidence Interval
          Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.193 0.032 5.999 < .001 0.130 0.256
Delusion thinking → Analytic thinking → Fake news belief 0.049 0.010 4.777 < .001 0.029 0.070
Total effects
95% Confidence Interval
        Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Total Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.242 0.032 7.684 < .001 0.180 0.304
Total indirect Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.049 0.010 4.777 < .001 0.029 0.070

Classical Process Model: Two Mediators

Model summary
  AIC BIC Log-likelihood n df
Model 1 10420.305 10468.838 -5200.152 947 0
R-squared
R²
  Model 1
Fake news belief 0.115
Open thinking 0.092
Analytic thinking 0.136

Path plots

Model 1

Conceptual path plot
Statistical path plot

Parameter estimates

Important : Parameter estimates can only be interpreted as causal effects if all confounding effects are accounted for and if the causal effect directions are correctly specified.

Model 1

Path coefficients
95% Confidence Interval
      Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.153 0.033 4.683 < .001 0.089 0.217
Open thinking → Fake news belief -0.171 0.033 -5.140 < .001 -0.236 -0.106
Analytic thinking → Fake news belief -0.141 0.033 -4.289 < .001 -0.205 -0.077
Delusion thinking → Open thinking -0.303 0.031 -9.793 < .001 -0.364 -0.243
Delusion thinking → Analytic thinking -0.185 0.032 -5.842 < .001 -0.247 -0.123
Open thinking → Analytic thinking 0.267 0.032 8.428 < .001 0.205 0.329
Direct and indirect effects
95% Confidence Interval
              Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.153 0.033 4.683 < .001 0.089 0.217
Delusion thinking → Open thinking → Fake news belief 0.052 0.011 4.551 < .001 0.030 0.074
Delusion thinking → Analytic thinking → Fake news belief 0.026 0.008 3.457 < .001 0.011 0.041
Delusion thinking → Open thinking → Analytic thinking → Fake news belief 0.011 0.003 3.561 < .001 0.005 0.018
Total effects
95% Confidence Interval
        Estimate Std. Error z-value p Lower Upper
Total Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.242 0.032 7.684 < .001 0.180 0.304
Total indirect Delusion thinking → Fake news belief 0.089 0.014 6.458 < .001 0.062 0.116

Classical Process Model: Testing Direct Effect Mediators

Model summary
  AIC BIC Log-likelihood n df
. . . . . .
Note.  At least one model is incomplete or no model is specified. Please add at least one model and complete specified models.

Classical Process Model

Model summary
  AIC BIC Log-likelihood n df
. . . . . .
Note.  At least one model is incomplete or no model is specified. Please add at least one model and complete specified models.